Teens Who Can’t Sleep: Insomnia or Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder?-View Presentation Slides

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The document is a comprehensive discussion on sleep disorders in adolescents, focusing on differentiating Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder (DSPD) from insomnia and idiopathic hypersomnia. It is authored by Dr. Argelinda Baroni of NYU Grossman School of Medicine.<br /><br />The document outlines the prevalent issues teens face regarding sleep, focusing on two main case studies: Maggie and Sarah. Both adolescents experience significant sleep-related problems affecting their daily lives, yet their conditions differ. Maggie showcases symptoms aligning with DSPD, manifesting as difficulty in falling asleep and waking on time, whereas Sarah's symptoms align with idiopathic hypersomnia, characterized by excessive sleepiness and prolonged sleep periods.<br /><br />DSPD is described as a circadian rhythm disorder where there's a mismatch between an individual’s internal sleep cycle and societal expectations. Key characteristics include difficulty in falling asleep at socially accepted times and problems waking in the morning, leading to academic and social difficulties. The document discusses potential genetic and environmental factors contributing to DSPD, such as genetic mutations and lifestyle influences like late-night screen use.<br /><br />For idiopathic hypersomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is the main symptom, along with prolonged, non-restorative sleep. The disorder is differentiated from narcolepsy by the absence of cataplexy. Treatment approaches for both conditions include lifestyle adjustments, pharmacological interventions like wakefulness-promoting agents, and strategic use of light exposure and melatonin.<br /><br />The document underlines the importance of proper assessment and personalized treatment plans. It stresses psychoeducation, regular sleep schedules, and minimizing electronic exposure late at night as essential components of a treatment strategy. Finally, guidance is provided on when to seek specialized care, particularly in cases resistant to standard treatments or when complex underlying conditions are suspected.

Keywords

sleep disorders

adolescents

Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder

insomnia

idiopathic hypersomnia

circadian rhythm

excessive daytime sleepiness

treatment strategies

Dr. Argelinda Baroni

NYU Grossman School of Medicine