Pathological Lying: A Case for DSM Diagnosis-View Presentation

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In a lengthy discussion on pathological lying, Yale professor Charles D. Kaye explores the historical and theoretical underpinnings of the condition and its implications. Kaye delves into notable cases like Professor Joseph Ellis, whose lies expanded with his fame, and Judge Patrick Cohenberg, who engaged in fantastic military and career fabrication yet was diagnosed with pseudologia fantastica—a form of pathological lying without any major psychiatric disorder. The discussion also included novelist Jeffrey Archer as another prominent example of a pathological liar.<br /><br />Kaye illustrates how pathological lying is not defined by the magnitude or frequency of lies but rather by excessive lying for no apparent purpose, which can cause social and occupational impairments. He contrasts it with related conditions such as malingering, where lies are motivated by external incentives, and factitious disorder, where the goal is often to assume a sick role. Despite some overlap, pathological lying differs in lacking a singular consistent focus typical of factitious disorder. <br /><br />Kaye argues for recognizing pathological lying as an individual diagnostic entity to encourage more research and improve comprehension within psychiatric practice. He suggests that diagnosis could clarify treatment pathways and legal implications, although practical management remains challenging due to the elusive nature of the condition and its reality-testing controversies. Current literature lacks definitive risk factors and unique psychological testing results, indicating a need for further study. Overall, Kaye emphasizes a dual definition that allows for primary and secondary pathological lying, with an understanding that the behavior might occur independently or alongside other psychiatric disorders.

Keywords

pathological lying

Charles D. Kaye

pseudologia fantastica

Joseph Ellis

Patrick Cohenberg

Jeffrey Archer

malingering

factitious disorder

psychiatric practice

diagnostic entity

social impairments

psychiatric disorders