Navigating the Challenges of Dementia: Understanding & Managing Behavioral & Psychological Symptoms-View Presentation Slides

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The document outlines an extensive examination of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD), with a focus on understanding, evaluating, and managing these symptoms effectively. Authored by Dr. Rajesh R. Tampi, the resource provides valuable insights into BPSD, a collection of disruptive psychological reactions, psychiatric symptoms, and behaviors common among dementia patients, which can complicate care and safety.<br /><br />Key points include the high prevalence of these symptoms, affecting 65% of community-dwelling individuals and 90% in nursing homes. The symptoms often fluctuate, and psychomotor agitation is notably persistent. The classification of BPSD involves affective, psychotic, sleep-wake, and behavioral disturbances, which can be primary or secondary to other conditions.<br /><br />Management strategies are categorized into non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. Non-pharmacological treatments focus on psychoeducation, cognitive stimulation, and therapeutic activities, while pharmacological treatments include FDA-approved Brexpiprazole, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and emerging alternatives like cannabinoids and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Notably, medications should be administered based on the persistence and severity of symptoms and involve close monitoring for efficacy and adverse effects.<br /><br />The APA guidelines emphasize a cautious approach to using antipsychotics due to associated risks, including increased mortality noted in some trials. The document also highlights treatment algorithms for emergent and non-emergent agitation, stressing individualized care, potential drug combinations, and comprehensive caregiver education.<br /><br />Overall, the document serves as a comprehensive guide on BPSD, presenting current evidence-based practices and emerging trends in treatment to improve patient outcomes while minimizing caregiver burden.

Keywords

Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia

BPSD

dementia care

psychomotor agitation

non-pharmacological interventions

pharmacological treatments

antipsychotics

caregiver education

Dr. Rajesh R. Tampi

APA guidelines