Delirium - @the APA-Acute Brain Failure Handout

Acute Brain Failure Handout

Pdf Summary

Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome in acute care settings, presenting with attention disturbances, memory deficits, and hallucinations. It has subtypes like hypoactive, hyperactive, and mixed, with risk factors including age and medical conditions. Management approaches range from nonpharmacological methods such as early mobilization to pharmacological treatments like antipsychotics and alpha-2 agonists. Studies highlight the effectiveness of multicomponent interventions and environmental modifications in preventing delirium.<br /><br />In critical care units, delirium poses significant challenges on patient outcomes. Both non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions are crucial for delirium management. Examples of interventions include range-of-motion exercises and pharmacological agents like dopamine antagonists. Melatonin, alpha-2 agonists, statins, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are also explored for delirium prevention. Early recognition and comprehensive management strategies are essential in reducing delirium incidence and improving outcomes.<br /><br />Delirium in ICU patients is associated with adverse effects such as increased mortality rates and cognitive impairment. Implementing protocols and a multidisciplinary approach can aid in better delirium management. Studies indicate a correlation between delirium and cognitive deficits, as well as cerebral changes. Delirium poses an economic burden on healthcare systems, necessitating interventions to prevent adverse outcomes like cognitive impairment and prolonged hospitalization.<br /><br />Effective strategies for preventing and managing delirium in ICUs involve both pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches. Early recognition, addressing underlying causes, and appropriate interventions are vital in enhancing outcomes for patients with delirium.

Keywords

Delirium

Neuropsychiatric syndrome

Acute care settings

Attention disturbances

Memory deficits

Hypoactive delirium

Hyperactive delirium

Nonpharmacological interventions

Pharmacological treatments

Multicomponent interventions